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Nonetheless, Jerusalem remained largely Christian in character throughout the early Islamic period. [11] Not long after the conquest, possibly in 641, Umar allowed a limited number of Jews to reside in Jerusalem after negotiations with the Christian leadership of the city.
The Islamization of Jerusalem refers to the process through which Jerusalem and its Old City acquired an Islamic character and, eventually, a significant Muslim presence. The foundation for Jerusalem's Islamization was laid by the Muslim conquest of the Levant, and began shortly after the city was besieged and captured in 638 CE by the Rashidun Caliphate under Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second ...
In 638 CE, Jerusalem was conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate, and under early Islamic rule, the Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque were built, solidifying its religious importance in Islam. During the Crusades, Jerusalem changed hands multiple times, being captured by the Crusaders in 1099 and recaptured by Saladin in 1187.
620: Muhammad's night journey (Isra and Mi'raj) to Jerusalem, according to Islamic belief. [48] 624: Jerusalem loses its place as the focal point for Muslim prayers to Mecca, 18 months after the Hijra (Muhammad's migration to Medina). c. 625: According to Sahih al-Bukhari, Muhammad ordained the Masjid Al-Aqsa as one of the three holy mosques of ...
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With an army of 17,000 men, Abu Ubaidah and Khalid set off from Jerusalem to conquer all of northern Syria. This ended with the conquest of Antioch in late 637. [30] In 639, the Muslims invaded and conquered Egypt. During his stay in Jerusalem, Umar was led by Sophronius to various holy sites, including the Temple Mount.
David is particularly important to the religious architecture of Islamic Jerusalem. [3] Dawud is known as biblical David who was, according to the Hebrew Bible , the second king of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah , reigning c. 1010 –970 BCE.
The emerging Muslim Rashidun Caliphate conquers Syria, Palestine, and Egypt from the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. [4] As a consequence, few western European pilgrims risk a voyage to the Holy Land. [5] 638. February/March. Umar, the second caliph, enters Jerusalem after the city's prolonged siege by his commanders. [4] [6] 8th century