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Eight years later in 1918, Alabama passed a law requiring all midwives currently practicing in the state to register with the state board of health and to pass an elementary examination. [17] In response to this new law, the John A. Andrew Hospital of Tuskegee University organized a training program for midwives in Macon County. [17]
California Federal S. & L. Assn. v. Guerra is a Supreme Court case about whether a state may require employers to provide greater pregnancy benefits than required by federal law, as well as the ability to require pregnancy benefits to women without similar benefits to men. The court held that The California Fair Employment and Housing Act in ...
Midwifery is the health science and health profession that deals with pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period (including care of the newborn), [1] in addition to the sexual and reproductive health of women throughout their lives. [2]
For instance, to qualify for licensure in California, a midwife must complete a three-year postsecondary midwifery education program and pass a licensing examination. [3] In Minnesota, licensed midwives are required to screen potential clients, and only accept those who are expected to have a “normal” delivery. In 1994, the North American ...
By the 1970s, 99 percent of American births took place in hospitals and states were passing laws preventing midwives from practicing, ostensibly for health and safety reasons. Alabama ended the legal practice of lay midwifery in 1976. A tiny number of home birthers persisted, mostly white, middle-class women seeking an alternative to the hospital.
As of March 2009, the American College of Nurse-Midwives represents over 11,000 Certified Nurse-Midwives (CNMs) and Certified Midwives (CMs) in all 50 states and most US territories. [4] In 2005, Certified Nurse-Midwives attended more than 10% of vaginal births in the United States. [4] In terms of gender, only 2% of CNMs are men. [5]
The sweeping complaint details how Tennessee is the only state in the United States that imposes a lifetime registration as a “violent sex offender” if convicted of engaging in sex work while ...
Given that records show almost 30 challenges to the registry have been filed in federal courts in Tennessee just this year, attorney fees for these cases could wind up costing the state as much as ...