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Symptoms can start within an hour of exposure, and can last for several months. [1] [3] [5] Early symptoms are usually nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite. [1] In the following hours or weeks, initial symptoms may appear to improve, before the development of additional symptoms, after which either recovery or death follow. [1]
The treatment and recovery phases of diabetic ketoacidosis Volume resuscitation with 0.9% normal saline provides a chloride load, so that infusing more than 3–4L can cause acidosis Hyperalimentation ( i.e. , total parenteral nutrition )
[8] proper treatment usually results in full recovery, though death can result from inadequate or delayed treatment, or from complications (e.g., brain edema). [12] Preventing DKA is attainable by following some precautions. [16] While feeling unwell, Start with regular monitoring of blood glucose levels.
The symptoms of ketoacidosis are variable depending on the underlying cause. The most common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and weakness. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Breath may also develop the smell of acetone as it is a volatile ketone that can be exhaled.
The symptoms of an episode of diabetic ketoacidosis usually evolve over a period of about 24 hours. Predominant symptoms are nausea and vomiting, pronounced thirst, excessive urine production and abdominal pain that may be severe. [13] [14] In severe DKA, breathing becomes rapid and of a deep, gasping character, called "Kussmaul breathing".
Ketoacidosis is most commonly caused by a deficiency of insulin in type 1 diabetes or late stage type 2 diabetes but can also be the result of chronic heavy alcohol use, salicylate poisoning, or isopropyl alcohol ingestion. [1] [2] Ketoacidosis causes significant metabolic derangements and is a life-threatening medical emergency. [2]
Metabolic acidosis is a serious electrolyte disorder characterized by an imbalance in the body's acid-base balance.Metabolic acidosis has three main root causes: increased acid production, loss of bicarbonate, and a reduced ability of the kidneys to excrete excess acids. [5]
Complications may include sudden death. [1] AKA most commonly occurs in long term alcoholics and less commonly in those who binge drink. [2] Onset is generally after a decreased ability to eat for a few days. [2] Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms. [2] Blood sugar levels are often normal or only mildly increased. [2]