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Amine gas plant at a natural gas field. Amine gas treating, also known as amine scrubbing, gas sweetening and acid gas removal, refers to a group of processes that use aqueous solutions of various alkylamines (commonly referred to simply as amines) to remove hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and carbon dioxide (CO 2) from gases.
A typical amine gas treating process flow diagram. Ionic liquids for use in CO 2 capture by absorption could follow a similar process.. A typical CO 2 absorption process consists of a feed gas, an absorption column, a stripper column, and output streams of CO 2-rich gas to be sequestered, and CO 2-poor gas to be released to the atmosphere.
Solid sorbents for carbon capture include a diverse range of porous, solid-phase materials, including mesoporous silicas, zeolites, and metal-organic frameworks.These have the potential to function as more efficient alternatives to amine gas treating processes for selectively removing CO 2 from large, stationary sources including power stations. [1]
CCS facilities capture carbon dioxide before it enters the atmosphere. Generally, a chemical solvent or a porous solid material is used to separate the CO 2 from other components of a plant’s exhaust stream. [30] Most commonly, the gas stream passes through an amine solvent, which binds the CO 2 molecule.
A carbon dioxide scrubber is a piece of equipment that absorbs carbon dioxide (CO 2). It is used to treat exhaust gases from industrial plants or from exhaled air in life support systems such as rebreathers or in spacecraft , submersible craft or airtight chambers .
MEA carbon dioxide scrubbing is also used to regenerate the air on submarines. Solutions of MEA in water are used as a gas stream scrubbing liquid in amine treaters. [21] For example, aqueous MEA is used to remove carbon dioxide (CO 2) and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) from various gas streams; e.g., flue gas and sour natural gas. [22]
MDEA is less reactive towards CO 2, but has an equilibrium loading capacity approaching 1 mole CO 2 per mole amine. [2] It also requires less energy to regenerate. [2] To combine the advantages of MDEA and the smaller amines, MDEA is usually mixed with a catalytic promoter such as piperazine, PZ, or a fast reacting amine such as MEA to retain reactivity, but lower regeneration costs.
The Petra Nova carbon emissions reduction system uses an amine-based absorption system, or the KM CDR Process (Kansai Mitsubishi Carbon Dioxide Recovery). This process was developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Kansai Electric Power and utilizes a high performing proprietary solvent called KS-1. [8]