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The generic name is derived from the Greek words ριζα (rhiza), meaning "root," and φορος (phoros), meaning "bearing," referring to the stilt-roots. [3] The beetle Poecilips fallax is a common pest of these trees, especially Rhizophora mucronata and Rhizophora apiculata. This beetle (related to carver beetles) lays its eggs in the ...
The roots may grow downward from the stem or upward from typical roots. Some botanists classify them as aerating roots rather than aerial roots if they emerge from the soil. The surface of these roots is covered with porous lenticels , which lead to air-filled spongy tissue called aerenchyma .
Adventitious roots arise out-of-sequence from the more usual root formation of branches of a primary root, and instead originate from the stem, branches, leaves, or old woody roots. They commonly occur in monocots and pteridophytes, but also in many dicots , such as clover ( Trifolium ), ivy ( Hedera ), strawberry ( Fragaria ) and willow ( Salix ).
Stilt roots – From upright (erect) trunks, some hard, thick, almost straight roots come-out obliquely and penetrate the ground. Thus they act like a camera-tripod. They increase balance and support as well as, when these roots penetrates the ground, they increase soil grip. Root-Buttress or Plank Buttress or Buttress-Root – Climbing roots –
Lumnitzera racemosa is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree, growing to a maximum height of 37 m (121 ft). It develops pneumatophores and often has stilt roots.The leaves are arranged spirally at the tips of the shoots; they are simple and obovate, with slightly toothed margins.
The red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) survives in the most inundated areas, props itself above the water level with stilt or prop roots and then absorbs air through lenticels in its bark. [21] The black mangrove ( Avicennia germinans ) lives on higher ground and develops many specialized root-like structures called pneumatophores , which stick ...
Another very common type of root possessed by R. apiculata is stilt roots that act as an additional support and anchor. [10] The location of the R. apiculata will determine the type of effect placed onto the stilt root for instance; if the stilt root grows downward and finds water then it will continuously grow downwards until soil from the ...
Many trees have buttresses and stilt roots for support in the unstable substrate, and pneumatophores and hoop roots and knee roots to facilitate gas exchange. The trees have thick, root mats in the upper 50 cm of the peat to enable oxygen and nutrient uptake. Peat swamp forest in Gunung Mulu National Park with Nepenthes bicalcarata in the ...