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Vanilla planifolia is a species of vanilla orchid native to Mexico, Central America, Colombia, and Brazil. [2] It is one of the primary sources for vanilla flavouring, due to its high vanillin content. Common names include flat-leaved vanilla, [5] and West Indian vanilla (also used for the Pompona vanilla, V. pompona).
[1] As of 2013, vanilla production (FAO records for 2013) in French Polynesia (specifically Tahiti) accounted to only about 0.07% of the total world production; it was 60 tons from an area of 7 hectares (17 acres) with a yield of 13 hectograms per ha, [9] comparative to the 3,500 tons yielded by plantations in Madagascar, and 3,400 tons yielded ...
The most widely known member is the flat-leaved vanilla (V. planifolia), native to Mexico and Belize, [3] from which commercial vanilla flavoring is derived. It is the only orchid widely used for industrial purposes in flavoring such products as foods, beverages and cosmetics, and is recognized as the most popular aroma and flavor . [ 4 ]
Cocos nucifera is a large palm, growing up to 30 metres (100 feet) tall, with pinnate leaves 4–6 m (13–20 ft) long, and pinnae 60–90 centimetres (2–3 ft) long; old leaves break away cleanly, leaving the trunk smooth. [6] On fertile soil, a tall coconut palm tree can yield up to 75 fruits per year, but more often yields less than 30.
Small coconut sprout from the Philippines. Sprouted coconuts have a variety of names in countries where coconuts are native or cultivated. They are also known as vara in Fijian; tumbong ng niyog, buwá ng niyog or tubo ng niyog in Filipino; iho or lolo in Hawaiian; morund in Konkani; tumbong kelapa in Malaysian and Indonesian; pongu in Malayalam; niu tupu in Niuean; oʻo in Samoan; manzanas de ...
Coconut trees are generally spaced 9 m (30 ft) apart, allowing a density of 100–160 coconut trees per hectare. A standard tree bears around 50–80 nuts a year, and average earnings in Vanuatu (1999) were US$ 0.20 per kg (one kg equals 8 nuts)—so a farmer could earn approximately US$120 to US$320 yearly for each planted hectare.
The graceful trunk of the tree rises to a height up to 30 m (98 ft) ending in a compact crown of 30-40 large feather like leaves. Each leaf is about3–4 m (9.8–13.1 ft) in length. It consists of a leaf stalk or petiole, a midrib and a large number of leaflets arranged in two opposite rows.
The male flowers are arranged in a catkin-like inflorescence up to 2 m (6.5 ft) long [12] which continues to produce pollen over a ten-year period; one of the longest-living inflorescences known. The mature fruit is 40–50 cm in diameter and weighs 15–30 kg, and contains the largest seed in the plant kingdom . [ 13 ]