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Height above average terrain (HAAT), or (less popularly) effective height above average terrain (EHAAT), is the vertical position of an antenna site above the surrounding landscape. HAAT is used extensively in FM radio and television , as it is more important than effective radiated power (ERP) in determining the range of broadcasts ( VHF and ...
In telecommunications, the effective height of an antenna is the height of the antenna's center of radiation above the ground. In low-frequency applications involving loaded or nonloaded vertical antennas, the effective height is the moment of the current distribution in the vertical section, divided by the input current. For an antenna with a ...
For transmissions in the shortwave range, there is little to be gained by raising the antenna more than a half to three quarters of a wavelength above ground level, and at lower frequencies and longer wavelengths, the height becomes infeasibly great (greater than 85 metres (279 ft)). Shortwave transmitters rarely use masts taller than about 100 ...
In aviation, atmospheric sciences and broadcasting, a height above ground level (AGL [1] or HAGL) is a height measured with respect to the underlying ground surface.This is as opposed to height above mean sea level (AMSL or HAMSL), height above ellipsoid (HAE, as reported by a GPS receiver), or height above average terrain (AAT or HAAT, in broadcast engineering).
Effective Radiated Power (ERP, calculated using transmitter power and antenna HAAT) Antenna Height Above Average Terrain (HAAT) Reference distance C: 100 kW (or higher for grandfathered stations) 300 to 600 m (984 to 1,969 ft) 91.8 km (57.0 mi) C0: 100 kW 300 to 450 m (984 to 1,476 ft) 83.4 km (51.8 mi) C1: up to 100 kW under 300 m (984 ft)
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The antenna's height above the ground, as well as the electrical properties (permittivity and conductivity) of the ground, can then be important. Also, in the particular case of a monopole antenna, the ground (or an artificial ground plane ) serves as the return connection for the antenna current thus having an additional effect, particularly ...
It can be used for base-station antenna heights ranging from 30–1000 m. Okumura developed a set of curves giving the median attenuation relative to free space (A mu), in an urban area over a quasi-smooth terrain with a base station effective antenna height (hte) of 200 m and a mobile antenna height (hre) of 3 m. These curves were developed ...