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  2. soil, the biologically active, porous medium that has developed in the uppermost layer of Earth’s crust. Soil is one of the principal substrata of life on Earth, serving as a reservoir of water and nutrients, as a medium for the filtration and breakdown of injurious wastes, and as a participant in the cycling of carbon and other elements ...

  3. What is soil? | Britannica

    www.britannica.com/question/What-is-soil

    Soil is the biologically active and porous medium that has developed in the uppermost layer of Earth’s crust. It serves as the reservoir of water and nutrients and a medium for the filtration and breakdown of injurious wastes.

  4. Soil - Formation, Composition, Structure | Britannica

    www.britannica.com/science/soil/Soil-formation

    The evolution of soils and their properties is called soil formation, and pedologists have identified five fundamental soil formation processes that influence soil properties. These five “state factors” are parent material, topography, climate, organisms, and time.

  5. Formation and composition of soil | Britannica

    www.britannica.com/summary/soil

    soil, The biologically active, porous medium that has developed in the uppermost layer of the Earth’s crust. Soil serves as a natural reservoir of water and nutrients, as a medium for the filtration and breakdown of injurious wastes, and as a participant in the cycling of carbon and other elements through the global ecosystem.

  6. soil - Kids | Britannica Kids | Homework Help

    kids.britannica.com/kids/article/soil/390622

    Soil is a mixture of minerals and organic material that covers much of Earth’s surface. Minerals are bits of rock, and organic material is the remains of living things that have died. Soil is not as solid as rock. It has many small spaces, called pores, that hold water and air.

  7. Soil Definition & Meaning | Britannica Dictionary

    www.britannica.com/dictionary/soil

    SOIL meaning: 1 : the top layer of earth in which plants grow; 2 : the land of a particular country

  8. Erosion | Description, Causes, Facts, & Types | Britannica

    www.britannica.com/science/erosion-geology

    Erosion, physical process in which soil, rock, and other surface material are removed from one location and transported to another. Erosion will often occur after rock has been disintegrated or altered through weathering.

  9. fertilizer, natural or artificial substance containing the chemical elements that improve growth and productiveness of plants. Fertilizers enhance the natural fertility of the soil or replace chemical elements taken from the soil by previous crops.

  10. Soil - Structure, Composition, Properties | Britannica

    www.britannica.com/science/soil/Soil-behaviour

    Soil - Structure, Composition, Properties: The grain size of soil particles and the aggregate structures they form affect the ability of a soil to transport and retain water, air, and nutrients.

  11. Tillage is the manipulation of the soil into a desired condition by mechanical means; tools are employed to achieve some desired effect (such as pulverization, cutting, or movement). Soil is tilled to change its structure, to kill weeds, and to manage crop residues.