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Extrinsic Muscles. The extrinsic muscles of the tongue originate from structures outside the tongue and insert onto it. They are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve – with the exception of the palatoglossus, which is innervated by the vagus nerve.
Extrinsic muscles insert into the tongue, while their origins are outside of it. There are four pairs of extrinsic muscles, which include the genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, and palatoglossus.
This article will focus on tongue embryology, origin, insertion, and action of the extrinsic muscles, followed by innervation, blood supply and lymphatic drainage of the tongue. Relevant clinical points will be explored and relevant diseases affecting the tongue explained.
All the muscles of the tongue are paired structures, with each copy being found on either side of the median fibrous septum. There are muscles that extend outside of the organ to anchor it to surrounding bony structures, known as extrinsic muscles.
The extrinsic muscles attach the tongue to external regions and include the: - genioglossus muscle; - hyoglossus muscle; - chondroglossus muscle; - styloglossus muscle; - palatoglossus muscle (this muscle is also considered a muscle of the soft palate).
The muscles of the tongue consist primarily of two groups of muscles, the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue. The extrinsic muscles attach the tongue to external regions and include the: —genioglossus muscle; —hyoglossus muscle; —chondroglossus muscle; —styloglossus muscle; —palatoglossus muscle. The genioglossus muscle is ...
The genioglossus is one the four extrinsic muscles of the tongue, together with the hyoglossus, styloglossus and palatoglossus. It is a thick, fan-shaped muscle which constitutes the bulk of the tongue. It originates from the superior mental spine of the mandible above the origin of geniohyoid.
The extrinsic muscles reposition the tongue, while the intrinsic muscles alter the shape of the tongue for talking and swallowing. Extrinsic tongue muscles, by definition, originate from structures outside the tongue and insert into the tongue.
Key words: tongue; intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles; neu-romuscular compartments; tongue movement; speech; swallowing; respiration; 3D reconstruction.
There are four paired intrinsic muscles of the tongue and they are named by the direction in which they travel: the superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse and vertical muscles of the tongue.