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where N c is the number of channels per cell, BW is the system bandwidth, and A c is Area of cell. Sectorization is briefly described in traffic load and cell size as a way to cut down equipment costs in a cellular network. [2] When applied to clusters of cells sectorization also reduces co-channel interference, according to Walke. [1]
Cell phones communicating with a single cell tower constitute a local subnetwork; the connection between the cell tower and the rest of the world begins with a backhaul link to the core of the internet service provider's network (via a point of presence). A backhaul may include wired, fiber optic and wireless components.
The details of the process of paging vary somewhat from network to network, but normally we know a limited number of cells where the phone is located (this group of cells is called a Location Area in the GSM or UMTS system, or Routing Area if a data packet session is involved; in LTE, cells are grouped into Tracking Areas). Paging takes place ...
Since cell phones rely on radio waves, which travel through the air and are easily attenuated (particularly at higher frequencies), mobile phones may be unreliable at times. Like other radio transmissions, mobile phone calls can be interrupted by large buildings , terrain, trees, or other objects between the phone and the nearest base.
Bandwidth test software is used to determine the maximum bandwidth of a network or internet connection. It is typically undertaken by attempting to download or upload the maximum amount of data in a certain period of time, or a certain amount of data in the minimum amount of time.
Uses precise clocks that do not limit the distance a tower can cover. [7] Consumes less power and covers large areas so cell size in IS-95 is larger. Able to produce a reasonable call with lower signal (cell phone reception) levels. Uses soft handoff, reducing the likelihood of dropped calls.
The sampling theorem applies to camera systems, where the scene and lens constitute an analog spatial signal source, and the image sensor is a spatial sampling device. Each of these components is characterized by a modulation transfer function (MTF), representing the precise resolution (spatial bandwidth) available in that component. Effects of ...
The Mil-HDBK-217 reliability calculator manual in combination with RelCalc software (or other comparable tool) enables MTBF reliability rates to be predicted based on design. A concept which is closely related to MTBF, and is important in the computations involving MTBF, is the mean down time (MDT). MDT can be defined as mean time which the ...