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Kurdish (Kurdî, کوردی, pronounced ⓘ) is a Northwestern Iranian language or group of languages spoken by Kurds in the region of Kurdistan, [11] [12] namely in southeast Turkey, northern Iraq, northwest Iran, and northern Syria.
Several large scale Kurdish revolts in 1925, 1930 and 1938 were suppressed by the Turkish government and more than one million Kurds were forcibly relocated between 1925 and 1938. The use of Kurdish language, dress, folklore, and names were banned and the Kurdish-inhabited areas remained under martial law until 1946. [181]
The most widely spoken language in Iraq is the Arabic language (specifically Mesopotamian Arabic); the second most spoken language is Kurdish (mainly Sorani and Kurmanji dialects), followed by the Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman dialect of Turkish, and many Northeastern Neo-Aramaic dialects.
A Turkish government proposal to end a decades-long conflict with Kurdish militants has put Kurdish rights back in the spotlight, at a time when Kurdish leaders say repression is rife and freedoms ...
A Sorani Kurdish speaker, recorded in Norway.. Sorani Kurdish (Sorani Kurdish: کوردیی ناوەندی, Kurdî Nawendî), [3] [4] [5] also known as Central Kurdish, is a Kurdish dialect [6] [7] [8] or a language [9] [10] spoken in Iraq, mainly in Iraqi Kurdistan, as well as the provinces of Kurdistan, Kermanshah, and West Azerbaijan in western Iran.
For example, during the Iran–Iraq War, from 1980 to 1988, Turkey supported one Iraqi Kurdish group over another in order to play the Iraqi Kurds off against Turkey's own rebellious Kurds. [18] Technology and telecommunications have helped Kurds to establish an ethno-national group, or self-defined national identity.
The Hawar alphabet is primarily used in Syria and Turkey, while the Kurdo-Arabic alphabet is commonly used in Iraq and Iran. The Hawar alphabet is also used to some extent in Iraqi Kurdistan . [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Two additional alphabets, based on the Armenian and Cyrillic scripts , were once used by Kurds in the Soviet Union , most notably in the ...
Although Kurds are mentioned in the pre-Islamic period, there is no information of the Kurdish language before the Islamic period. The first mention of Kurmanji Kurdish is by the medieval Chaldean author Ibn Wahshiyya (d. 930/1) in his treatise about alphabets.