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Magnetostriction is a property of magnetic materials that causes them to change their shape or dimensions during the process of magnetization.The variation of materials' magnetization due to the applied magnetic field changes the magnetostrictive strain until reaching its saturation value, λ.
The magnetomechanical effect is a fundamental feature of ferromagnetism. The fact that the application of external stresses alters the flux density of a magnetized ferromagnet, and thus the shape, and size of its hysteresis loops is easily changeable.
E λ is magnetoelastic anisotropy energy: This energy is due to the effect of magnetostriction, a slight change in the dimensions of the crystal when magnetized. This causes elastic strains in the lattice, and the direction of magnetization that minimizes these strain energies will be favored.
The magnetostriction characterizes the shape change of a ferromagnetic material during magnetization, whereas the inverse magnetostrictive effect characterizes the change of sample magnetization (for given magnetizing field strength ) when mechanical stresses are applied to the sample.
However, coupling between the magnetization and the lattice does result in deformation, an effect called magnetostriction. To keep the lattice from deforming, a stress must be applied. If the crystal is not under stress, magnetostriction alters the effective magnetocrystalline anisotropy.
In materials science, galfenol is the general term for an alloy of iron and gallium.The name was first given to iron-gallium alloys by United States Navy researchers in 1998 when they discovered that adding gallium to iron could amplify iron's magnetostrictive effect up to tenfold.
Magnetoresistance is the tendency of a material (often ferromagnetic) to change the value of its electrical resistance in an externally-applied magnetic field.There are a variety of effects that can be called magnetoresistance.
The magnetostriction effect has been used to generate both SH-type and Lamb type waves in steel products. Recently, due to the stronger magnetostriction effect in nickel than steel, magnetostriction sensors using nickel patches have been developed for the nondestructive testing of steel products.