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Constant amplitude testing can also be applied by simpler oscillating machines. The fatigue life of a coupon is the number of cycles it takes to break the coupon. This data can be used for creating stress-life or strain-life curves. The rate of crack growth in a coupon can also be measured, either during the test or afterward using fractography.
Near Eglin AFB: port fin leading edge failed during test dive 2002-05-25 China Airlines Flight 611: Taiwan Strait near Penghu Islands, Taiwan Boeing 747: Faulty maintenance, metal fatigue 225 Tailstrike leading to faulty repair: tail section broke off, causing aircraft to disintegrate 2003-02-01 Space Shuttle Columbia disaster: Texas, United States
It consists of a bar pivoted at or near the centre, with force applied from one direction to the pivot and from the other direction to the tips. Several whippletrees may be used in series to distribute the force further, such as to simulate pressure over an area as when applying loading to test airplane wings.
The Junkers all-metal corrugated-covered wing / multiple tubular wing spar design format was emulated after World War I by American aviation designer William Stout for his 1920s-era Ford Trimotor airliner series, and by Russian aerospace designer Andrei Tupolev for such aircraft as his Tupolev ANT-2 of 1922, upwards in size to the then-gigantic ...
Structural testing is the evaluation of an object (which might be an assembly of objects) to ascertain its characteristics of physical strength. Testing includes evaluating compressive strength , shear strength , tensile strength , all of which may be conducted to failure or to some satisfactory margin of safety.
Ailerons are mounted on the trailing edge of each wing near the wingtips and move in opposite directions. When the pilot moves the aileron control to the left, or turns the wheel counter-clockwise, the left aileron goes up and the right aileron goes down. A raised aileron reduces lift on that wing and a lowered one increases lift, so moving the ...
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The case of high-wing configuration wing was different. Full scale testing of a modified Cessna 172 showed that the outboard leading-edge cuff alone was not sufficient to prevent a spin departure, the aircraft lacking directional stability at high angles of attack. With a ventral fin added, the aircraft entered a controlled spiral in lieu of a ...