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Needlework was an important fact of women's identity during the Victorian age, including embroidery, netting, knitting, crochet, and Berlin wool work. A growing middle class had more leisure time than ever before; printed materials offered homemakers thousands of patterns.
Modern beaded flowers, yellow made in the French beading technique and pink in the Victorian beading technique. Today, beadwork is commonly practiced by jewelers, hobbyists, and contemporary artists; artists known for using beadwork as a medium include Liza Lou, Ran Hwang, Hew Locke, Jeffery Gibson, and Joyce J. Scott.
Crochet hooks used for Tunisian crochet are elongated and have a stopper at the end of the handle, while double-ended crochet hooks have a hook on both ends of the handle. Tunisian crochet hooks are shaped without a fat thumb grip and thus can hold many loops on the hook at a time without stretching some to different heights than others (Solovan).
Most crochet uses one hook and works upon one stitch at a time. Crochet may be worked in circular rounds without any specialized tools, as shown here. Spread tow: Spread tow is a production method where the tow fibers are spread into thin tapes, and then the tapes are woven as warp and weft.
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While crochet uses a single hook, usually creating one stitch at a time, finishing one stitch before creating the next. Knitted fabric tends to be flexible and flowing, the stitches forming a shape that is similar to a "V". Crochet fabric has a more structured feel, each stitch consisting of several loops entwined.
The Jacquard loom is a mechanical loom, invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1801, which simplifies the process of manufacturing figured textiles with complex patterns such as brocade, damask, and matelasse. [25] [26] The loom is controlled by punched cards with punched holes, each row of which corresponds to one row of the design. Multiple ...
The first prototype of a Jacquard-type loom was made in the second half of the 15th century by an Italian weaver from Calabria, Jean le Calabrais, who was invited to Lyon by Louis XI. [11] [12] He introduced a new kind of machine which was able to work the yarns faster and more precisely. Over the years, improvements to the loom were ongoing. [13]