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Bühnendeutsch (German: [ˈbyːnənˌdɔʏtʃ], "stage German") or Bühnenaussprache (IPA: [ˈbyːnənˌʔaʊsʃpʁaːxə] ⓘ, "stage pronunciation") is a unified set of pronunciation rules for the German literary language used in the theatre of the German Sprachraum. Established in the 19th century, [1] it came to be considered pure High German.
The existence of a phoneme /ɛː/ in German is disputed. [30] The distinction between the long lax /ɛː/ and the long tense /eː/ does not exist in some varieties of Standard German, and many authors treat the /ɛː/ phoneme as peripheral and regard a distinction between it and /eː/ as a spelling pronunciation. [31]
This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Standard German on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Standard German in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
The spelling goes back to the Middle High German pronunciation of that diphthong, which was [ei̯]. The spelling ai is found in only a very few native words (such as Saite 'string', Waise 'orphan') but is commonly used to romanize /aɪ̯/ in foreign loans from languages such as Chinese.
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Swabian, Low Alemannic, High Alemannic and Highest Alemannic German pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters .
In modern German, the Old and Middle High German z is now represented by either ss , ß , or, if there are no related forms in which [s] occurs intervocalically, with s : messen (Middle High German: mezzen), Straße (Middle High German: strâze), and was (Middle High German: waz). [29]
German pronouns are German words that function as pronouns. As with pronouns in other languages, they are frequently employed as the subject or object of a clause, acting as substitutes for nouns or noun phrases , but are also used in relative clauses to relate the main clause to a subordinate one.
At Vorarlberg, we currently use the German pronunciation (stress on the first syllable), and I think we should use the Austrian one (stress on the second syllable), but mention the German pronunciation somewhere (it looks more natural for most German speakers, including those with German as an additional language; the stress on the second ...