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Bile (from Latin bilis), or gall, is a yellow-green/misty green fluid produced by the liver of most vertebrates that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine. In humans, bile is primarily composed of water, is produced continuously by the liver, and is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder.
Bile salt hydrolases are members of the N-terminal nucleophilic hydrolase family, characterized by autocatalytic activation by an N-terminal nucleophile and subsequent amide bond cleavage. [2] [5] The majority of BSH enzymes are composed of homotetramers, although they have been known to assume other forms including homodimers and heterotrimers ...
Bile acid synthesis occurs in liver cells, which synthesize primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid in humans) via cytochrome P450-mediated oxidation of cholesterol in a multi-step process. Approximately 600 mg of bile salts are synthesized daily to replace bile acids lost in the feces, although, as described below, much ...
The function of the common bile duct is to allow bile to travel from the gallbladder to the small intestine, mixing with pancreatic digestive enzymes along the way. [4] One possible complication of choledocholithiasis is an infection of the bile ducts between the liver and the gallstone lodged in the common bile duct.
Aqueous pancreatic secretions from pancreatic duct cells contain bicarbonate ions which are alkaline and help with the bile to neutralise the acidic chyme that is churned out by the stomach. The pancreas is also the main source of enzymes for the digestion of fats and proteins.
“Dark foods contain certain dyes which can turn the food red or black,” Dr. Akinyeye. But when mixed with the other stuff in your gut, it can cause your poop to look black, he says.
Bile salt-dependent lipase (or BSDL), also known as carboxyl ester lipase (or CEL) is an enzyme produced by the adult pancreas and aids in the digestion of fats. Bile salt-stimulated lipase (or BSSL) is an equivalent enzyme found within breast milk. BSDL has been found in the pancreatic secretions of all species in which it has been looked for.
Bile and enzymes secreted by the pancreas digest many types of fat. They are then absorbed and transported through the bloodstream to the liver. Digesting medium-chain triglycerides, however, is ...