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When the deep bursa is involved, bending the knee generally increases the pain. [2] Other conditions that may appear similar include patellar tendonitis and prepatellar bursitis. [5] Treatment is generally by rest, alternating between ice and heat, and NSAIDs. [1] Infrapatellar bursitis is relatively rare. [4]
Bursitis is the inflammation of one or more bursae (synovial sacs) of synovial fluid in the body. They are lined with a synovial membrane that secretes a lubricating synovial fluid. [ 1 ] There are more than 150 bursae in the human body. [ 1 ]
Bursitis of the knee Prepatellar bursitis - Housemaid's knee (most common) Infrapatellar bursitis - Clergyman's knee (Superficial infrapatellar bursitis and Deep infrapatellar bursitis) Semimembranosus bursitis; Tendinitis [4] Patellar tendinitis (Jumper's knee) Hamstring tendinitis; Popliteal tendinitis; Synovitis of the knee
X-ray of the knee of a 12-year-old male, showing knee effusion of medium severity, marked by black arrows. It displaces the patella anteriorly and extends into the suprapatellar bursa. An X-ray is useful to verify that there is no break or dislocation when there is a history of trauma. May show signs of osteoarthritis.
the deep infrapatellar bursa between the upper part of the tibia and the patellar ligament. [2] It allows for movement of the patellar ligament over the tibia. [4] the subcutaneous (or superficial) infrapatellar bursa between the patellar ligament and skin. [2] the pretibial bursa between the tibial tuberosity and the skin. [2]
The prepatellar bursa and the olecranon bursa are the two bursae that are most likely to become infected, or septic. [10] Septic bursitis typically occurs when the trauma to the knee causes an abrasion, though it is also possible for the infection to be caused by bacteria traveling through the blood from a pre-existing infection site. [11]
The suprapatellar bursa is prevented from being pinched during extension by the articularis genus muscle. [4] On the tibia, the anterior reflection and attachment of the synovial membrane is located near the cartilage. [2] Anteriorly, the infrapatellar fat pad is inserted below the patella and between the two membranes.
The diagnosis of patellofemoral pain syndrome is made by ruling out patellar tendinitis, prepatellar bursitis, plica syndrome, Sinding-Larsen and Johansson syndrome, and Osgood–Schlatter disease. [23] Currently, there is not a gold standard assessment to diagnose PFPS. [20]