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Verapamil is a class-IV antiarrhythmic and more effective than digoxin in controlling ventricular rate. [19] Verapamil is not listed as a first line antihypertensive agent by the guidelines provided by JAMA in JNC-8. [20] However, it may be used to treat hypertension if patient has co-morbid atrial fibrillation or other types of arrhythmia. [17 ...
The breasts change during pregnancy to prepare for lactation, and more changes occur immediately after the birth. Progesterone is the hormone that influences the growth of breast tissue before the birth. Afterwards, the endocrine system shifts from producing hormones that prevent lactation to ones that trigger milk production. [3]
Pregnancy after the age of 35 augments the risk of VTE, as does multigravidity of more than four pregnancies. [2] Pregnancy in itself causes approximately a five-fold increased risk of deep venous thrombosis. [6] Several pregnancy complications, such as pre-eclampsia, cause substantial hypercoagulability. [2]
Whether use is safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding is unclear. [2] [10] When used by people with liver problems, and in elderly individuals, doses should be reduced. [10] Amlodipine works partly by vasodilation (relaxing the arteries and increasing their diameter). [10] It is a long-acting calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine type ...
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Use is not recommended during pregnancy. [9] It is unclear if use when breastfeeding is safe. [1] Diltiazem works by relaxing the smooth muscle in the walls of arteries, resulting in them opening and allowing blood to flow more easily. [9] Additionally, it acts on the heart to prolong the period until it can beat again. [10]
Nortriptyline may cause problems if taken during pregnancy. [8] Use during breastfeeding appears to be relatively safe. [7] It is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) and is believed to work by altering levels of serotonin and norepinephrine. [8] Nortriptyline was approved for medical use in the United States in 1964. [8]
The hormonal fluctuations that occur during these years can intensify stress, disrupt sleep, and trigger mood swings—all while the holiday demands pile on.