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Through December 31, 48 cases were confirmed nationwide, with 27 deaths (56%). [19] Death rates were similar cross age, sex, and race, though most of the infected were male. Of the 33 cases to occur in AZ, CO, and NM in 1993, 25 occurred during the height of the outbreak from April to July and of those 33 people, 17 died (52%).
Human infectious diseases may be characterized by their case fatality rate (CFR), the proportion of people diagnosed with a disease who die from it (cf. mortality rate).It should not be confused with the infection fatality rate (IFR), the estimated proportion of people infected by a disease-causing agent, including asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections, who die from the disease.
There is currently a hantavirus vaccine that protects humans against hantavirus infections. The first vaccine was developed in 1990, and was initially used to fight the Hantaan River virus, which causes one of the most severe forms of Hantavirus Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). [ 12 ]
HPS has a much higher case fatality rate than HFRS, at 30–60%. For both HFRS and HPS, illness is the result of increased vascular permeability, decreased platelet count, and overreaction of the immune system. Individual hantavirus particles (virions) are usually spherical and vary at 70–350 nanometers in diameter.
Prognosis for HPS is often poor. The case fatality rate of HPS ranges from 30% to 60%. [2] [4] [21] [27] Death usually occurs 2–10 days after the onset of illness [10] and occurs suddenly during the cardiopulmonary phase of illness. [2] [3] Andes virus infection has a case fatality rate of about 40%, and Sin Nombre virus a case fatality rate ...
The new disease was named "hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)". [ 4 ] [ 18 ] In 2012, a small outbreak occurred at Yosemite National Park in California and claimed the lives of three tourists out of ten infected.
Although New World hantaviruses typically cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), either disease can involve the patient's kidneys or lungs. [19] [20] The virus can cause severe health issues and even death. HPS has a mortality rate of 38%. [21]
There have been seven confirmed cases and three deaths in the past six months, according to a recent health alert. Most cases of hantavirus are reported in the Western and Southwestern United States.