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The thiosulfate ion is tetrahedral at the central S atom. The thiosulfate ion has C 3v symmetry. The external sulfur atom has a valence of 2 while the central sulfur atom has a valence of 6. The oxygen atoms have a valence of 2. The S-S distance of about 201 pm in sodium thiosulphate is appropriate for a single bond.
Illustrative coordination complexes of thiosulfate. Thiosulfate is a potent ligand for soft metal ions. A typical complex is [Pd(S 2 O 3) 2 (ethylenediamine)] 2−, which features a pair of S-bonded thiosulfate ligands. Simple aquo and ammine complexes are also known. [2]
This clock reaction uses sodium, potassium or ammonium persulfate to oxidize iodide ions to iodine. Sodium thiosulfate is used to reduce iodine back to iodide before the iodine can complex with the starch to form the characteristic blue-black color. Iodine is generated: 2 I − + S 2 O 2− 8 → I 2 + 2 SO 2− 4. And is then removed:
Sodium thiosulfate (sodium thiosulphate) is an inorganic compound with the formula Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·(H 2 O) x. Typically it is available as the white or colorless pentahydrate (x = 5), which is a white solid that dissolves well in water.
The branched thiosulfate oxidation pathway, a mechanism in which water-insoluble globules of intermediate sulfur are formed during the oxidation of thiosulfate and sulfide. It is present in all the anoxygenic photolithotrophic green and purple sulfur bacteria, and the free-living as well as symbiotic strains of certain sulfur-chemolithotrophic ...
Tetrathionate is a product of the oxidation of thiosulfate, S 2 O 2− 3, by iodine, I 2: 2 S 2 O 2− 3 + I 2 → S 4 O 2− 6 + 2I −. The use of bromine instead of iodine is dubious as excess bromine will oxidize the thiosulfate to sulfate.
I 2 dissolves in the iodide-containing solution to give triiodide ions (I 3-), which have a dark brown color. The triiodide ion solution is then titrated against standard thiosulfate solution to give iodide again using starch indicator: I − 3 + 2 e − ⇌ 3 I − (E 0 = +0.54 V) Together with reduction potential of thiosulfate: [1]
Potassium pentathionate ion has been obtained from SCl 2, sodium thiosulfate, and potassium acetate. Initially prismatic crystals of potassium tetrathionate appear, then lamellar crystals of potassium pentathionate, from which the influence of tartaric acid makes an aqueous solution of pentathionic acid. [3]