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Historically, one of the best known nominal damage awards was the farthing that the jury awarded to James Whistler in his libel suit against John Ruskin. In the English jurisdiction, nominal damages are generally fixed at £5. [31] Many times a party that has been wronged but is not able to prove significant damages will sue for nominal damages.
Property damage (sometimes called damage to property), is the damage or destruction of real or tangible personal property, caused by negligence, willful destruction, or an act of nature. Destruction of property (sometimes called property destruction , or criminal damage in England and Wales ) is a sub-type of property damage that involves ...
"Collateral damage" is a term for any incidental and undesired death, injury or other damage inflicted, especially on civilians, as the result of an activity. Originally coined to describe military operations, [ 1 ] it is now also used in non-military contexts to refer to negative unintended consequences of an action.
Proximate cause is a key principle of insurance and is concerned with how the loss or damage actually occurred. There are several competing theories of proximate cause (see Other factors ). For an act to be deemed to cause a harm, both tests must be met; proximate cause is a legal limitation on cause-in-fact.
A natural disaster can cause loss of life or damage property. It typically causes economic damage. How bad the damage is depends on how well people are prepared for disasters and how strong the buildings, roads, and other structures are. [2] Scholars have been saying that the term natural disaster is unsuitable and should be abandoned. [3]
Radiation and chemotherapy can lead to brain tissue damage by disrupting or stopping blood flow to the affected areas of the brain. This damage can cause long term effects such as but not limited to; memory loss, confusion, and loss of cognitive function. The brain damage caused by radiation depends on where the brain tumor is located, the ...
Damage "does not necessarily imply total loss of system functionality, but rather that the system is no longer operating in its optimal manner". [1] Damage to physical objects is "the progressive physical process by which they break", [2]: 1. and includes mechanical stress that weakens a structure, even if this is not visible. [2]: ix.
Alkylating antineoplastic agents, for example, cause DNA damage, which is more harmful to cancer cells than regular cells. However, alkylation causes severe side-effects and is actually carcinogenic in its own right, with potential to lead to the development of secondary