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  2. Photoelectric effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect

    In 1905, Albert Einstein published a paper advancing the hypothesis that light energy is carried in discrete quantized packets to explain experimental data from the photoelectric effect. Einstein theorized that the energy in each quantum of light was equal to the frequency of light multiplied by a constant, later called the Planck constant .

  3. Mass–energy equivalence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass–energy_equivalence

    In physics, mass–energy equivalence is the relationship between mass and energy in a system's rest frame, where the two quantities differ only by a multiplicative constant and the units of measurement. [1] [2] The principle is described by the physicist Albert Einstein's formula: =. [3]

  4. Einstein's thought experiments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein's_thought_experiments

    Rather, he argued that mass-energy equivalence was a necessary and sufficient condition to resolve the paradox. In his demonstration, Einstein provided a derivation of mass-energy equivalence that was distinct from his original derivation. Einstein began by recasting Poincaré's abstract mathematical argument into the form of a thought experiment:

  5. Conservation of energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_of_energy

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 14 January 2025. Law of physics and chemistry This article is about the law of conservation of energy in physics. For sustainable energy resources, see Energy conservation. Part of a series on Continuum mechanics J = − D d φ d x {\displaystyle J=-D{\frac {d\varphi }{dx}}} Fick's laws of diffusion Laws ...

  6. Outline of Albert Einstein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_Albert_Einstein

    The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Albert Einstein: Albert Einstein – German-born theoretical physicist. He developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics). [1] [2]: 274 Einstein's work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science.

  7. Gravitational redshift - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_redshift

    Einstein's prediction was confirmed by many experiments, starting with Arthur Eddington's 1919 solar eclipse expedition. The changing rates of clocks allowed Einstein to conclude that light waves change frequency as they move, and the frequency/energy relationship for photons allowed him to see that this was best interpreted as the effect of ...

  8. Mass in special relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_in_special_relativity

    In this case, conservation of invariant mass of the system also will no longer hold. Such a loss of rest mass in systems when energy is removed, according to E = mc 2 where E is the energy removed, and m is the change in rest mass, reflect changes of mass associated with movement of energy, not "conversion" of mass to energy.

  9. Postulates of special relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postulates_of_special...

    Einstein agreed that the Hertz theory was logically consistent ("It is on the basis of this hypothesis that Hertz developed an electrodynamics of moving bodies that is free of contradictions."), [18] but dismissed it on the grounds of a poor agreement with the Fizeau result, leaving special relativity as the only remaining option. Given that SR ...