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Gingival recession, also known as gum recession and receding gums, is the exposure in the roots of the teeth caused by a loss of gum tissue and/or retraction of the gingival margin from the crown of the teeth. [1] Gum recession is a common problem in adults over the age of 40, but it may also occur starting in adolescence, or around the age of 10.
The main symptom is pain, which often suddenly appears, and is made worse by biting on the involved tooth, which may feel raised and prominent in the bite. The tooth may be mobile, and the lesion may contribute to destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. [4] The pain is deep and throbbing.
Periodontal pathology, also termed gum diseases or periodontal diseases, are diseases involving the periodontium (the tooth supporting structures, i.e. the gums). The periodontium is composed of alveolar bone , periodontal ligament , cementum and gingiva .
Sometimes the pain can feel like it’s coming from the area surrounding a tooth, or above or below it. It may be a soreness that extends to your jaw or under your cheekbones and behind your eyes.
The gingival tissue forms a crevice surrounding the tooth, similar to a miniature, fluid-filled moat, wherein food debris, endogenous and exogenous cells, and chemicals float. The depth of this crevice, known as a sulcus , is in a constant state of flux due to microbial invasion and subsequent immune response.
[2] on at least two permanent teeth (one which is a first molar) and no involvement of more than two teeth other than the first molars and incisors, [2] [33] lack of inflammation and evidence of deep periodontal pocket with advanced bone loss. [2] There is also a relatively fast progression of periodontal tissue loss. [33]