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There are three types of languages used in leader communication: direction-giving, emotion-sharing, and meaning-making. Sullivan suggests that the most effective leaders combine all three language types in their communication. ML and its effectiveness have been studied in business, [2] education, [3] government, [4] religion [5] and other ...
The desire to learn is often related to the concept of ‘motivation’. Motivation is the most used concept for explaining the failure or success of a language learner. [1] Second language (L2) refers to a language an individual learns that is not his/her mother tongue, but is of use in the area of the individual.
John B. Carroll, an influential psychologist in the field of educational linguistics, developed a theory about a cluster of four abilities that factored into language learning aptitude, separate from verbal intelligence and motivation. Using these four distinct abilities (phonetic coding ability, grammatical sensitivity, rote learning ability ...
The main purpose of theories of second-language acquisition (SLA) is to shed light on how people who already know one language learn a second language. The field of second-language acquisition involves various contributions, such as linguistics, sociolinguistics, psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, and education. These multiple fields ...
Major process theories are expectancy theory, equity theory, goal-setting theory, self-determination theory, and reinforcement theory. [123] Another way to classify theories of motivation focuses on the role of inborn physiological processes in contrast to cognitive processes and distinguishes between biological, psychological, and ...
It should only contain pages that are Motivational theories or lists of Motivational theories, as well as subcategories containing those things (themselves set categories). Topics about Motivational theories in general should be placed in relevant topic categories .
In the early days of second-language acquisition research on interlanguage was seen as the basic representation of second-language knowledge; however, more recent research has taken several different approaches in characterizing the mental representation of language knowledge. [59] Some theories hypothesize that learner language is inherently ...
This theory further aligns with the idea that teaching the concepts and the language of a subject should be split into multiple steps. [65] Other informal learning theories look at the sources of motivation for learning. Intrinsic motivation may create a more self-regulated learner, [66] yet schools undermine intrinsic motivation.