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Neutron radiation is a form of ionizing radiation that presents as free neutrons. Typical phenomena are nuclear fission or nuclear fusion causing the release of free neutrons, which then react with nuclei of other atoms to form new nuclides —which, in turn, may trigger further neutron radiation.
The effectiveness of shielding is dependent on stopping power, which varies with the type and energy of radiation and the shielding material used. Different shielding techniques are therefore used depending on the application and the type and energy of the radiation. Shielding reduces the intensity of radiation, increasing with thickness.
Lead shielding refers to the use of lead as a form of radiation protection to shield people or objects from radiation so as to reduce the effective dose. Lead can effectively attenuate certain kinds of radiation because of its high density and high atomic number; principally, it is effective at stopping gamma rays and x-rays.
The neutron flux distribution is “flattened“, i.e., the ratio of the average flux to the maximum flux is increased. Therefore, reflectors reduce the non-uniformity of the power distribution. By increasing the neutron flux at the edge of the core, there is much better utilization in the peripheral fuel assemblies. This fuel, in the outer ...
They typically require hydrogen rich shielding, such as concrete or water, to block them within distances of less than 1 m. A common source of neutron radiation occurs inside a nuclear reactor, where a metres-thick water layer is used as effective shielding.
This ceramic material is a very efficient shielding material since it presents both high atomic number (uranium) for gamma shielding, and low atomic number (water bonded in the concrete) for neutron shielding. [1] There exists an optimum uranium-to-binder ratio for a combined attenuation of gamma and neutron radiation at a given wall thickness.
A neutron bomb, officially defined as a type of enhanced radiation weapon (ERW), is a low-yield thermonuclear weapon designed to maximize lethal neutron radiation in the immediate vicinity of the blast while minimizing the physical power of the blast itself.
By definition, LET is a positive quantity. LET depends on the nature of the radiation as well as on the material traversed. A high LET will slow down the radiation more quickly, generally making shielding more effective and preventing deep penetration.