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The volume of Chao is exceptional for a lava dome structure, although the lava flux rate generating it is low in comparison to a basaltic eruption like Laki in Iceland. This low flux rate is insufficient to cause caldera formation. Cerro Chao is the largest Quaternary silicic lava flow in the world. [1]
A lava spine or lava spire is a growth that can form on the top of a lava dome. A lava spine can increase the instability of the underlying lava dome. A recent example of a lava spine is the spine formed in 1997 at the Soufrière Hills Volcano on Montserrat.
Lava domes are common features on volcanoes around the world. Lava domes are known to exist on plate margins as well as in intra-arc hotspots, and on heights above 6000 m and in the sea floor. [1] Individual lava domes and volcanoes featuring lava domes are listed below.
The dome growth has been both endogenous and exogenous. The former implies dome interior expansion to accommodate new lava and the latter refers to superficial piling up of lava. Activity has been concentrated at several different vents, and Santiaguito now has the appearance of several overlapping domes. [16] At the beginning of dome growth ...
The highest point in the caldera is Redondo Peak, an 11,254-foot (3,430 m) resurgent lava dome located entirely within the caldera and surrounded by moat-like flows of rhyolitic solidified lavas. [5] Located within the caldera are several grass valleys , or valles , the largest of which is Valle Grande ( locally / ˈ v aɪ . eɪ ˈ ɡ r ɑː n ...
The Dikkartin eruption was the strongest of the three lava dome forming eruptions and formed an eruption column 25 kilometres (16 mi) high, [113] but it left the smallest crater of the three. [3] This eruption at first formed a tuff ring, within which the lava dome was emplaced. Lava flows extend to lengths of 5 kilometres (3.1 mi). [114]
Chillahuita is a dacitic lava dome in northern Chile. It may have formed after the Pleistocene, [2] although argon-argon dating on amphibole has indicated an age of 370,000 ± 40,000 years; [3] another age estimate is 107,800 ± 6,400 years. [4] It has an altitude of about 4,750 metres (15,580 ft). It formed in a single non-explosive eruption. [5]
Chaos Crags is the youngest group of lava domes in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California.They formed as six dacite domes 1,100-1,000 years ago, one dome collapsing during an explosive eruption about 70 years later.