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The Incredulity of Saint Thomas by Caravaggio, c. 1602. A doubting Thomas is a skeptic who refuses to believe without direct personal experience – a reference to the Gospel of John's depiction of the Apostle Thomas, who, in John's account, refused to believe the resurrected Jesus had appeared to the ten other apostles until he could see and feel Jesus's crucifixion wounds.
With this statement, Jesus was not only reaching out to Thomas, but is reaching out to all future believers (cf. John 17:20–24) and embraces them all. [3] The followers of Jesus since the time of Jesus rely on 'secure evidence' (Scripture, the witness of the church through the ages, personal experiences in faith) without having actually seen ...
A "Doubting Thomas" is a skeptic who refuses to believe without direct personal experience—a reference to the Gospel of John's depiction of the Apostle Thomas, who, in John's account, refused to believe the resurrected Jesus had appeared to the ten other apostles until he could see and feel Jesus' crucifixion wounds.
Jesus granted Thomas's demands to verify his crucifixion, marks: [3] the marks of the nails in Jesus' hands and the pierced hole on his side . [4] It surely shocked Thomas that Jesus knows exactly his problem as every letter of his requirements for physical verification ( John 20:25 ) is met and spoken back to him with uncanny precision.
As this scholarly debate continued, theologian Christopher W. Skinner disagreed with Riley, DeConick, and Pagels over any possible John–Thomas interplay, and concluded that in the book of John, Thomas the disciple "is merely one stitch in a wider literary pattern where uncomprehending characters serve as foils for Jesus's words and deeds."
Thomas has shown his difficulties to understand Jesus in John 11:16 and John 14:15, and this time he hesitated when confronted with the resurrection account. [3] Thomas' emphatic disbelief of the disciples' testimony intensified his resolution to seek physical evidence to convince him that the risen Jesus was the Jesus he had known. [ 4 ]
And Thomas answered and said unto him, My Lord and my God. Jesus saith unto him, Thomas, because thou hast seen me, thou hast believed: blessed [are] they that have not seen, and [yet] have believed. — Doubting Thomas , Gospel of John ; John 20 :24-29; King James Version
In John 13:13–14 Jesus used the term 'teacher' and 'lord' as synonyms, but here 'my Lord' is designated to the risen Christ, and 'my God' resumes Jesus' description in the Prologue as 'God' (John 1:1, 18). [2] This is the only time in the four canonical gospels that Jesus is addressed as God. [3]