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The enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP, alkaline phenyl phosphatase, also abbreviated PhoA) is a phosphatase with the physiological role of dephosphorylating compounds. The enzyme is found across a multitude of organisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes alike, with the same general function, but in different structural forms suitable to the environment they function in. Alkaline phosphatase is found ...
Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry"), the ...
Reference ranges for blood tests, showing acid phosphatase in red at left. Acid phosphatase catalyzes the following reaction at an optimal acidic pH (below 7): a phosphate monoester + H 2 O = an alcohol + phosphate. Phosphatase enzymes are also used by soil microorganisms to access organically bound phosphate nutrients.
Ames test procedure. One classical bioassay is the Ames test. A strain of Salmonella that requires histidine to grow is put on two plates with growth medium containing minimal amounts of histidine and some rat liver extract (to mimick liver metabolism). A suspected mutagen is added to one plate. If the plate with the suspected mutagen grows ...
Phosphorus comprises 0.1% by mass of the average rock [12] (while, for perspective, its typical concentration in vegetation is 0.03% to 0.2%), [13] and consequently there are quadrillions of tons of phosphorus in Earth's 3×10 19-ton crust, [14] albeit at predominantly lower concentration than the deposits counted as reserves, which are ...
Phosphorus is an essential plant nutrient (the most often limiting nutrient, after nitrogen), [108] and the bulk of all phosphorus production is in concentrated phosphoric acids for agriculture fertilisers, containing as much as 70% to 75% P 2 O 5. That led to large increase in phosphate (PO 4 3−) production in the second half of the 20th ...
Phosphorus from plant sources is therefore better suited to ruminants, but is still used to a lesser extent than phosphorus provided by inorganic sources. The ruminant's phosphorus requirements are dictated by the needs of the microbial population in the rumen, with the phosphorus being necessary for cellulose digestion and protein synthesis ...
Outside the United States, blood tests made up of the majority of the same biochemical tests are called urea and electrolytes (U&E or "U and Es"), or urea, electrolytes, creatinine (UEC or EUC or CUE), and are often referred to as 'kidney function tests' as they also include a calculated estimated glomerular filtration rate. The BMP provides ...