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In the early mass-produced automobiles, the standard transmission design was manual: the combination of gears was selected by the driver through a lever (the gear stick) that displaced gears and gear groups along their axes. Starting in 1939, cars using various types of automatic transmission became available in the US market. These vehicles ...
Cutaway view of a 2007 Toyota AA80E hydraulic automatic Typical gear selector for an automatic transmission. An automatic transmission (sometimes abbreviated AT) is a multi-speed transmission used in motor vehicles that does not require any input from the driver to change forward gears under normal driving conditions.
An automated manual transmission may include a fully automatic mode where the driver does not need to change gears at all. [24] These transmissions can be described as a standard manual transmission with an automated clutch and automated gear shift control, allowing them to operate in the same manner as traditional automatic transmissions.
An automatic transmission with a manumatic function provides a greater level of control by allowing the driver to request an upshift or downshift at a specific time. This is usually achieved using "+" and "-" positions on the gear selector or with paddle-shifters mounted beside the steering wheel.
Automated manual transmissions can be semi-automatic or fully-automatic in operation. Several different systems to automate the clutch and/or shifting have been used over the years, but they will generally use one of the following methods of actuation for the clutch and/or shifting: hydraulic or electro-hydraulic actuation, [12] electro-mechanical, [13] pneumatic, [6] [14] [15] electromagnetic ...
GM's Automatic Safety Transmission (AST) was a semi-automatic transmission released in 1937. The first mass-produced fully-automatic transmission developed for passenger automobile use was the GM Hydramatic introduced in 1940. [1] The Hydramatic was a big success, and had been installed in the majority of GM models by 1950.
A direct-shift gearbox (DSG, German: Direktschaltgetriebe [1]) [2] [3] is an electronically controlled, dual-clutch, [2] multiple-shaft, automatic gearbox, in either a transaxle or traditional transmission layout (depending on engine/drive configuration), with automated clutch operation, and with fully-automatic [2] or semi-manual gear selection.
The J-series is a 6-speed manual transmission for rear-wheel drive applications, built by Aisin Seiki (Type AZ6). This transmission was used in the Altezza AS200 and RS200. The same Aisin AZ6 transmission is also found in other models such as the Mazda MX-5 (Miata), Nissan Silvia, Mazda RX-8, Lexus IS and Toyota 86/Scion FR-S/Subaru BRZ. Models: