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Morphine is highly addictive and prone to abuse. [12] If one's dose is reduced after long-term use, opioid withdrawal symptoms may occur. [12] Caution is advised for the use of morphine during pregnancy or breastfeeding, as it may affect the health of the baby. [12] [2] Morphine was first isolated in 1804 by German pharmacist Friedrich Sertürner.
"A comparison of morphine administered by patient-controlled analgesia and regularly scheduled intramuscular injection in severe, postoperative pain". Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 3 (1): 15– 22. doi: 10.1016/0885-3924(88)90133-9. PMID 3351344. Sechzer PH (1971). "Studies in pain with the analgesic-demand system". Anesthesia and ...
Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) or opioid-induced abnormal pain sensitivity, also called paradoxical hyperalgesia, is an uncommon condition of generalized pain caused by the long-term use of high dosages of opioids [1] such as morphine, [2] oxycodone, [3] and methadone.
The use of intrathecal morphine may be limited by severe pruritus and urinary retention. [citation needed] Pethidine has the unusual property of being both a local anaesthetic and opioid analgesic, which occasionally permits its use as the sole intrathecal anaesthetic agent. [citation needed]
Hydromorphone is extensively metabolized in the liver to hydromorphone-3-glucuronide, which has no analgesic effects. As similarly seen with the morphine metabolite, morphine-3-glucuronide, a build-up in levels of hydromorphone-3-glucuronide may produce excitatory neurotoxic effects such as restlessness, myoclonus and hyperalgesia. Patients ...
The 3,6-diesters of morphine are drugs with more rapid and complete central nervous system penetration due to increased lipid solubility and other structural considerations. The prototype for this subgroup of semi-synthetic opiates is heroin and the group also includes dipropanoylmorphine, diacetyldihydromorphine, disalicylmorphine and others.
Federal authorities say a Minnesota pharmacist took morphine from the “stock bottle” meant to fulfill patient prescriptions and replaced the missing liquid with water.. In doing so, the 42 ...
To the contrary, in rats, (+)-morphine acts as an antianalgesic and is approximately 71,000 times more potent as an antianalgesic than (−)-morphine is as an analgesic. [ 1 ] (+)-Morphine derives its antianalgesic effects by being a selective-agonist of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which due to not binding to opioid receptors allows it to ...