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Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are symptoms that are archetypically associated with the extrapyramidal system of the brain's cerebral cortex. When such symptoms are caused by medications or other drugs, they are also known as extrapyramidal side effects (EPSE). The symptoms can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term).
In anatomy, the extrapyramidal system is a part of the motor system network causing involuntary actions. [1] The system is called extrapyramidal to distinguish it from the tracts of the motor cortex that reach their targets by traveling through the pyramids of the medulla .
Rare (<0.1%) adverse effects include: Urinary retention; Prolonged QT interval; Torsades de Pointes; Ataxia; Breast enlargement or engorgement; Lactation; Cardiospasm
Clinically subcortical dementia usually is seen with features like slowness of mental processing, forgetfulness, impaired cognition, lack of initiative-apathy, depressive symptoms (such as anhedonia, negative thoughts, loss of self-esteem and dysphoria), loss of social skills along with extrapyramidal features like tremors and abnormal movements.
Sedation is very common, and extrapyramidal side effects are common and include restlessness, dystonic reactions, pseudoparkinsonism, and akathisia; the extrapyramidal symptoms can affect 2% of people at low doses, whereas higher doses may affect as many as 40% of people.
Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) (dose-dependent). Tends to produce less extrapyramidal side effects than typical antipsychotics but more extrapyramidal side effects than sertindole, clozapine and quetiapine. [9] [10] Mild and transient constipation and xerostomia (dry mouth) [citation needed] Dizziness [citation needed]
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Symptoms against which efficacy is known Notable adverse effects seen in clinical trials Highest quality of clinical data available N Notes Adjuncts to clozapine [34] [35] Antipsychotics: Amisulpride: Global: Extrapyramidal side effects (e.g. tremor, dystonia, akathisia, etc.), headache, somnolence, insomnia, elevated serum prolactin, etc. 1 DB ...