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In law, primogeniture is the rule of inheritance whereby land descends to the oldest son. Under the feudal system of medieval Europe, primogeniture generally governed the inheritance of land held in military tenure (see knight). The effect of this rule was to keep the father's land for the support of the son who rendered the required military ...
In 1964, this rule of male primogeniture in cases of intestacy was finally abolished. [129] According to Bede , the custom in Northumbria reserved a substantial birthright for the eldest son even before the Norman conquest and other local customs of inheritance also gave certain additional benefits to the eldest son.
Both men and women could institute and inherit one, although in most cases succession was preferentially by male primogeniture. In some families many morgadios were accumulated as a result of marriage alliances, leading to a tradition of very long family names among the Portuguese nobility. Morgadios were abolished in 1863.
On the day of Henry VI's second deposition, 11 April 1471, the line of succession following agnatic primogeniture was: Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales (born 1453), only son of Henry VI Edward Plantagenet (born 1442), eldest son of Richard, 3rd Duke of York , deceased son of Richard, Earl of Cambridge , deceased younger son of Edward III ...
The Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542 saw the Welsh legal system being replaced with English law, and the laws associated with gavelkind were replaced with those of primogeniture. However, as in England, the custom of gavelkind was not finally abolished until the Administration of Estates Act 1925.
monarchy abolished 98.5 1.5 98.4 [16] Iran: March 1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum: 30 and 31 March 1979 monarchy abolished 99.3 0.7 98 [17] Italy: 1946 Italian institutional referendum: 2 June 1946 monarchy abolished 52.3 47.7 89.1 [18] Luxembourg: 1919 Luxembourg referendum: 28 September 1919 monarchy retained 19.7 80.3 72.1 [19] Maldives
The European Communities (Employment in the Civil Service) Order 1991; Regency Act 1705, s. 27 ; Act 1 Geo. 1. St. 2. Sovereign's Power to go Abroad (Restriction Repeated) Act 1715 c. 51 (1715) and others
Legislatures abolished primogeniture and entails, resulting in more widely distributed land holdings. This was a contrast to the general aristocratic pattern in which only the eldest child, usually a man, inherited the estate, which had the effect of keeping large estates intact from generation to generation.