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Systems theory is the transdisciplinary [1] study of systems, i.e. cohesive groups of interrelated, interdependent components that can be natural or artificial. Every system has causal boundaries, is influenced by its context, defined by its structure, function and role, and expressed through its relations with other systems.
Easton, David (1965). A Systems Analysis of Political Life, New York, S.32. Systems theory in political science is a highly abstract, partly holistic view of politics, influenced by cybernetics. The adaptation of system theory to political science was conceived by David Easton in 1953.
Karl Ludwig von Bertalanffy (19 September 1901 – 12 June 1972) was an Austrian biologist known as one of the founders of general systems theory (GST). This is an interdisciplinary practice that describes systems with interacting components, applicable to biology, cybernetics and other fields.
This list of types of systems theory gives an overview of different types of systems theory, which are mentioned in scientific book titles or articles. [1] The following more than 40 types of systems theory are all explicitly named systems theory and represent a unique conceptual framework in a specific field of science .
Systems science, also referred to as systems research [1] or simply systems, [2] is a transdisciplinary [3] field that is concerned with understanding simple and complex systems in nature and society, which leads to the advancements of formal, natural, social, and applied attributions throughout engineering, technology and science, itself.
Systems philosophy is a discipline aimed at constructing a new philosophy (in the sense of worldview) by using systems concepts.The discipline was first described by Ervin Laszlo in his 1972 book Introduction to Systems Philosophy: Toward a New Paradigm of Contemporary Thought. [1]
Systems thinking in design has a long history with origins in the design methods movement during the 1960s and 1970s, such as the idea of wicked problems developed by Horst Rittel. [9] The theories about complexity help the management of an entire system, and the suggested design approaches help the planning of different divergent elements.
One of the central elements of the systems theory is to move away from the representational system to the non-representation of things. What it means is that instead of imposing mental concepts, which reduce complexity of a materiality by limiting the variations or malleability onto the objects, one should trace the network of things.