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The sum of reactions in the Calvin cycle is the following: [citation needed] 3 CO 2 + 6 NADPH + 9 ATP + 5 H 2 O → glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) + 6 NADP + + 9 ADP + 8 P i (P i = inorganic phosphate) Hexose (six-carbon) sugars are not products of the Calvin cycle. Although many texts list a product of photosynthesis as C 6 H 12 O
The electron transport chain of photosynthesis is often put in a diagram called the Z-scheme, because the redox diagram from P680 to P700 resembles the letter Z. [3] The final product of PSII is plastoquinol, a mobile electron carrier in the membrane. Plastoquinol transfers the electron from PSII to the proton pump, cytochrome b6f. The ultimate ...
The term photosynthesis is derived from the Greek phōs (φῶς, gleam) and sýnthesis (σύνθεσις, arranging together), [96] [97] [98] while another word that he designated was photosyntax, from sýntaxis (σύνταξις, configuration). Over time, the term photosynthesis came into common usage. Later discovery of anoxygenic ...
The electron transfers from pheophytin to plastoquinone (PQ), which takes 2e-(in two steps) from pheophytin, and two H + Ions from the stroma to form PQH 2. This plastoquinol is later oxidized back to PQ, releasing the 2e - to the cytochrome b 6 f complex and the two H + ions into the thylakoid lumen .
The thylakoid membrane is the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis with the photosynthetic pigments embedded directly in the membrane. It is an alternating pattern of dark and light bands measuring each 1 nanometre . [ 3 ]
C 2 photosynthesis, an intermediate step between C 3 and Kranz C 4, may be preferred over C 4 for rice conversion. The simpler system is less optimized for high light and high temperature conditions than C 4, but has the advantage of requiring fewer steps of genetic engineering and performing better than C 3 under all temperatures and light ...
Calvin–Benson cycle. C 3 carbon fixation is the most common of three metabolic pathways for carbon fixation in photosynthesis, the other two being C 4 and CAM.This process converts carbon dioxide and ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP, a 5-carbon sugar) into two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate through the following reaction:
The evolution of oxygen during the light-dependent steps in photosynthesis (Hill reaction) was proposed and proven by British biochemist Robin Hill. He demonstrated that isolated chloroplasts would make oxygen (O 2) but not fix carbon dioxide (CO 2). This is evidence that the light and dark reactions occur at different sites within the cell. [1 ...