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A rough conversion between specific gravity, SG, and either degrees Brix, Plato or Balling can be made by dividing the thousandths of SG above 1 (which is often referred to as gravity points) by 4. So a specific gravity of 1.048 has 48 gravity points, and 48 divided by 4 would be approximately 12 degrees Plato, Balling or Brix.
As specific gravity was the basis for the Balling, Brix and Plato tables, dissolved sugar content was originally estimated by measurement of specific gravity using a hydrometer or pycnometer. In modern times, hydrometers are still widely used, but where greater accuracy is required, an electronic oscillating U-tube meter may be employed.
Several different scales have been used for measuring the original gravity. For historical reasons, the brewing industry largely uses the Plato scale (°P), which is essentially the same as the Brix scale used by the wine industry. For example, OG 1.050 is roughly equivalent to 12 °P.
Brix scale, primarily used in fruit juice, wine making and the sugar industry; Oechsle scale, used for measuring the density of grape must; Plato scale, primarily used in brewing; Twaddell scale, formerly used in the bleaching and dyeing industries [9]
Brix refractometers are often used by hobbyists for making preserves including jams, marmalades and honey. In beekeeping , a brix refractometer is used to measure the amount of water in honey. Bausch & Lomb Abbe Refractometer, ca. 1919-1926
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The Baumé scale is a pair of hydrometer scales developed by French pharmacist Antoine Baumé in 1768 to measure density of various liquids. The unit of the Baumé scale has been notated variously as degrees Baumé, B°, Bé° and simply Baumé (the accent is not always present).
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