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The function of a cabinet varies: in some countries, it is a collegiate decision-making body with collective responsibility, while in others it may function either as a purely advisory body or an assisting institution to a decision-making head of state or head of government.
A council of state is a governmental body in a country, or a subdivision of a country, with a function that varies by jurisdiction. [1] It may be the formal name for the cabinet or it may refer to a non-executive advisory body associated with a head of state . [ 2 ]
An executive council is a constitutional organ found in a number of Commonwealth countries, where it exercises executive power and (notionally) advises the governor, governor-general, or lieutenant governor, and will typically enact decisions through an Order in Council.
A privy council is a body that advises a head of state, typically, but not always, in the context of a monarchical government. The term "privy" (from French privé) signifies private or secret. Consequently, a privy council, more common in the past, existed as a group of a ruling monarch's most trusted court advisors.
In 1950, its functions were transferred to the United States Maritime Administration, which later became part of the Department of Transportation. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was designed to help finance projects during the Great Depression. It later helped finance the nation's military buildup as World War II approached. Scandals ...
In many countries, the position can have considerably wider functions and powers, including general responsibility for the entire civil service. The title of cabinet secretary may also be used as an alternative term for a politically appointed cabinet minister, derived from secretary of state—the formal title for ministers. This naming ...
Nevertheless, the convention that the head of state accept ministerial advice is so strong that in ordinary circumstances, refusal to do so would almost certainly provoke a constitutional crisis. Although most advice is binding, in comparatively rare instances it is not.
In the United States, state governments are institutional units exercising functions of government at a level below that of the federal government.Each U.S. state's government holds legislative, executive, and judicial authority over [1] a defined geographic territory.