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While silicon detectors cannot be thicker than a few millimeters, germanium can have a sensitive layer (depletion region) thickness of centimeters, and therefore can be used as a total absorption detector for gamma rays up to a few MeV. These detectors are also called high-purity germanium detectors (HPGe) or hyperpure germanium detectors.
The AGATA detectors are based on encapsulated and electrically segmented n-type high-purity Ge crystals. They are 36-fold segmented with six-fold azimuthal and six-fold longitudinal segmentation. Each detector is 9 cm long and is circular at the rear side with a diameter of 8 cm, and hexagonal at the front face.
Relative efficiency values are often used for germanium detectors, and compare the efficiency of the detector at 1332 keV to that of a 3 in × 3 in NaI detector (i.e., 1.2×10 −3 cps/Bq at 25 cm). Relative efficiency values greater than one hundred percent can therefore be encountered when working with very large germanium detectors.
A clover detector is a gamma-ray detector that consists of 4 coaxial N-type high purity germanium (Ge) crystals each machined to shape and mounted in a common cryostat to form a structure resembling a four-leaf clover. [1] The clover is the first composite Ge detector.
There are two types of germanium detector, the lithium-drifted germanium or Ge(Li) (pronounced ‘jelly’), and the high-purity germanium or HPGe. The semiconducting element silicon may also be used but germanium is preferred, as its higher atomic number makes it more efficient at stopping and detecting high energy gamma rays.
The experiment used high purity enriched Ge crystal diodes as a beta decay source and particle detector. The detectors from the HdM (Heidelberg-Moscow [2]) and IGEX [2] experiments were reprocessed and used in phase 1. The detector array was suspended in a liquid argon cryostat lined with copper and surrounded by an ultra-pure water tank.
The GERmanium Detector Array BB ν e: 76 Ge → 76 As + e − + e −: BB HPGe Semiconductor Gran Sasso, Italy GRAND: Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection AGN, CR, ? ν τ: ν τ + N → τ − + X CC Electromagnetic waves caused by τ − through extensive air showers in the atmosphere. Radio: 10 17 eV China Proposed HALO: Helium And Lead ...
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