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A similarity measure can take many different forms depending on the type of data being clustered and the specific problem being solved. One of the most commonly used similarity measures is the Euclidean distance, which is used in many clustering techniques including K-means clustering and Hierarchical clustering. The Euclidean distance is a ...
Bibliographic coupling, like co-citation, is a similarity measure that uses citation analysis to establish a similarity relationship between documents. Bibliographic coupling occurs when two works reference a common third work in their bibliographies. It is an indication that a probability exists that the two works treat a related subject matter.
Semantic similarity is a metric defined over a set of documents or terms, where the idea of distance between items is based on the likeness of their meaning or semantic content [citation needed] as opposed to lexicographical similarity. These are mathematical tools used to estimate the strength of the semantic relationship between units of ...
SimRank is a general similarity measure, based on a simple and intuitive graph-theoretic model.SimRank is applicable in any domain with object-to-object relationships, that measures similarity of the structural context in which objects occur, based on their relationships with other objects.
Other variations include the "similarity coefficient" or "index", such as Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). Common alternate spellings for Sørensen are Sorenson , Soerenson and Sörenson , and all three can also be seen with the –sen ending (the Danish letter ø is phonetically equivalent to the German/Swedish ö, which can be written as oe ...
Given a matrix of rank dissimilarities between a set of samples, each belonging to a single site (e.g. a single treatment group), the ANOSIM tests whether we can reject the null hypothesis that the similarity between sites is greater than or equal to the similarity within each site. The test statistic R is calculated in the following way:
In this scenario, the similarity between the two baskets as measured by the Jaccard index would be 1/3, but the similarity becomes 0.998 using the SMC. In other contexts, where 0 and 1 carry equivalent information (symmetry), the SMC is a better measure of similarity.
The Fowlkes–Mallows index is an external evaluation method that is used to determine the similarity between two clusterings (clusters obtained after a clustering algorithm), and also a metric to measure confusion matrices. This measure of similarity could be either between two hierarchical clusterings or a clustering and a benchmark ...