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2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (or DDQ) is the chemical reagent with formula C 6 Cl 2 (CN) 2 O 2. This oxidant is useful for the dehydrogenation of alcohols, [3] phenols, [4] and steroid ketones. [5] DDQ decomposes in water, but is stable in aqueous mineral acid. [6]
The use of protective groups is pervasive but not without criticism. [103] In practical terms their use adds two steps (protection-deprotection sequence) to a synthesis, either or both of which can dramatically lower chemical yield. Crucially, added complexity impedes the use of synthetic total synthesis in drug discovery.
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It is also a good test for the successful deprotection of a secondary amine. Secondary amines react with chloranil to give a brown/red/orange derivative, the colour depending on the amine. In these reactions, the amine displaces chloride from the ring of the quinone.
[5] [6] Selective cleavage of the N-Boc group in the presence of other protecting groups is possible when using AlCl 3. Sequential treatment with trimethylsilyl iodide then methanol can also be used for Boc deprotection, [7] [8] especially where other deprotection methods are too harsh for the substrate. [9]
Trichloroethyl chloroformate is used in organic synthesis for the introduction of the trichloroethyl chloroformate (Troc) protecting group for amines, thiols and alcohols.It readily cleaves vs other carbamates and can be used in an overall protecting group strategy.
The use of Fmoc as a temporary protecting group for amine at the N-terminus in solid phase synthesis is very widespread for Fmoc/tBu approach, because its removal with piperidine does not disturb the acid-labile linker between the peptide and the resin. [7]