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  2. Problem statement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_statement

    A problem statement is a description of an issue to be addressed, or a condition to be improved upon. It identifies the gap between the current problem and goal. The first condition of solving a problem is understanding the problem, which can be done by way of a problem statement.

  3. Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjectivity_and...

    The root of the words subjectivity and objectivity are subject and object, philosophical terms that mean, respectively, an observer and a thing being observed.The word subjectivity comes from subject in a philosophical sense, meaning an individual who possesses unique conscious experiences, such as perspectives, feelings, beliefs, and desires, [1] [3] or who (consciously) acts upon or wields ...

  4. Subject and object (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject_and_object...

    The distinction between subject and object is a basic idea of philosophy.. A subject is a being that exercises agency, undergoes conscious experiences, and is situated in relation to other things that exist outside itself; thus, a subject is any individual, person, or observer.

  5. Is–ought problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is–ought_problem

    These two notions being granted, it can be said that statements of "ought" are measured by their prescriptive truth, just as statements of "is" are measured by their descriptive truth; and the descriptive truth of an "is" judgment is defined by its correspondence to reality (actual or in the mind), while the prescriptive truth of an "ought ...

  6. Goal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goal

    A goal or objective is an idea of the future or desired result that a person or a group of people envision, plan, and commit to achieve. [1] People endeavour to reach goals within a finite time by setting deadlines .

  7. Problem structuring methods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_structuring_methods

    Problem structuring methods (PSMs) are a group of techniques used to model or to map the nature or structure of a situation or state of affairs that some people want to change. [1] PSMs are usually used by a group of people in collaboration (rather than by a solitary individual) to create a consensus about, or at least to facilitate ...

  8. Fact–value distinction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fact–value_distinction

    Statements of value (normative or prescriptive statements), which encompass ethics and aesthetics, and are studied via axiology. This barrier between fact and value, as construed in epistemology, implies it is impossible to derive ethical claims from factual arguments, or to defend the former using the latter.

  9. Objectivity (science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objectivity_(science)

    The problem of philosophical objectivity is contrasted with personal subjectivity, sometimes exacerbated by the overgeneralization of a hypothesis to the whole. For example, Newton's law of universal gravitation appears to be the norm for the attraction between celestial bodies , but it was later refined and extended—and philosophically ...