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Napoleon III was a popular monarch who oversaw the modernization of the French economy and filled Paris with new boulevards and parks. He expanded the French colonial empire, made the French merchant navy the second largest in the world, and personally engaged in two wars.
From top; left to right: Robert I, Hugh Capet, Louis IX, Francis I, Henry IV, Louis XIV, Louis XVI, Napoleon I, Napoleon III The family tree of Frankish and French monarchs (509–1870) France was ruled by monarchs from the establishment of the kingdom of West Francia in 843 until the end of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several ...
The Second French Empire, [a] officially the French Empire, [b] was the government of France from 1852 to 1870. It was established on 2 December 1852 by Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, president of France under the French Second Republic, who proclaimed himself Emperor of the French as Napoleon III.
The new boulevards and parks built by Haussmann during the Second Empire. In 1853, Napoleon III assigned his new prefect of the Seine department, Georges-Eugène Haussmann, the task of bringing more water, air, and light into the city center, widening the streets to make traffic circulation easier, and making it the most beautiful city in Europe.
Napoleon III at the Battle of Sedan by German painter Wilhelm Camphausen. The French army was less well-prepared than the Prussian army and suffered a complete rout due to being outnumbered. [7] On August 3, the Prussian General Staff, under the direction of Helmuth von Moltke, issued an order for troops to cross the border.
The French Third Republic (French: Troisième République, sometimes written as La III e République) was the system of government adopted in France from 4 September 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940, after the Fall of France during World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government.
The attempted assassination actually increased Napoleon III's popularity. Because the bombs had been made and tested in England, it caused a brief anti-British furore in France because of suspicion of British involvement. The Emperor refused to escalate the situation and the indignation eventually died down.
The popular Napoleon III was able to proclaim himself Emperor in 1852, thus founding the Second French Empire. [citation needed] Nine sovereigns at Windsor for the funeral of King Edward VII in 1910. The kingdoms of Sicily and Naples ("Two Sicilies") were absorbed into the Kingdom of Sardinia to form the Kingdom of Italy in 1861.