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  2. File:Crater-depth-diagram.svg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Crater-depth-diagram.svg

    English: How crater-depth is measured, using the side-view of a typical crater. Depth "A" measures from the surface to the bottom of the crater. Depth "B" measures from the mean height of the rim to the bottom of the crater.

  3. Earth's crustal evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_crustal_evolution

    The early Earth was entirely molten. This was due to high temperatures created and maintained by the following processes: Compression of the early atmosphere; Rapid axial rotation; Regular impacts with neighbouring planetesimals. [2] A phase diagram showing sequential crystallisation within the early mantle, forming the early crust.

  4. Crater depth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_depth

    The depth of an impact crater in a solid planet or moon may be measured from the local surface to the bottom of the crater, or from the rim of the crater to the bottom. Crater depth diagram. The diagram above shows the full (side) view of a typical crater. Depth "A" measures from the surface to the bottom of the crater.

  5. Complex crater - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_crater

    A central-peak crater is the most basic form of complex crater. A central-peak crater can have a tightly spaced, ring-like arrangement of peaks, thus be a peak ring crater, though the peak is often single. [3] Central-peak craters can occur in impact craters via meteorites. An Earthly example is Mistastin crater, in Canada. [1]

  6. Crater - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater

    A volcanic crater is a bowl-shaped depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity, usually located above the volcano's vent. [11] During volcanic eruptions, molten magma and volcanic gases rise from an underground magma chamber, through a conduit, until they reach the crater's vent, from where the gases escape into the atmosphere and the magma is erupted as lava.

  7. Horst and graben - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horst_and_graben

    Diagram of horsts and grabens In geology , horst and graben (or range and valley ) refers to topography consisting of alternating raised and lowered fault blocks known as horsts and grabens . The features are created by normal faulting and rifting caused by crustal extension . [ 1 ]

  8. List of impact structures on Earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_impact_structures...

    The EID lists fewer than ten such craters, and the largest in the last 100,000 years (100 ka) is the 4.5 km (2.8 mi) Rio Cuarto crater in Argentina. [2] However, there is some uncertainty regarding its origins [3] and age, with some sources giving it as < 10 ka [2] [4] while the EID gives a broader < 100 ka. [3]

  9. Volcanic crater - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_crater

    A volcanic crater is an approximately circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity. [1] It is typically a bowl-shaped feature containing one or more vents. During volcanic eruptions , molten magma and volcanic gases rise from an underground magma chamber , through a conduit, until they reach the crater's vent, from where the ...