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Hypogonadism resulting from defects of the gonads is referred to as hypergonadotropic hypogonadism or primary hypogonadism. Examples include Klinefelter syndrome and Turner syndrome. Mumps is known to cause testicular failure, and in recent years has been immunized against in the US. A varicocele can reduce hormonal production as well ...
Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), also known as primary or peripheral/gonadal hypogonadism or primary gonadal failure, is a condition which is characterized by hypogonadism which is due to an impaired response of the gonads to the gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and in turn a lack of sex steroid production. [1]
46,XX gonadal dysgenesis is characteristic of female hypogonadism with a karyotype of 46,XX. [8] Streak ovaries are present with non-functional tissues unable to produce the required sex steroid oestrogen. [9] Low levels of oestrogen effect the HPG axis with no feedback to the anterior pituitary to inhibit the secretion of FSH and LH. [9]
XX gonadal dysgenesis is a type of female hypogonadism in which the ovaries do not function to induce puberty in a person assigned female at birth, whose karyotype is 46,XX. [1] Individuals with XX gonadal dysgenesis have normal-appearing external genitalia as well as Müllerian structures (e.g., cervix, vagina, uterus).
For example, women with eating disorders tend to have oligomenorrhea (prolonged menstrual cycles greater than 35 days) and secondary amenorrhea (absence of menstruation for at least three consecutive months). Starvation from anorexia nervosa or bulimia causes the HPG axis to deactivate causing women's ovarian and uterine cycles to stop.
The hallmark of primary hypogonadism is low testosterone accompanied by increased FSH and LH. Secondary hypogonadism, on the other hand, occurs because of inadequate hypothalamic or pituitary ...
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), is due to problems with either the hypothalamus or pituitary gland affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG axis). [1] Hypothalamic disorders result from a deficiency in the release of gonadotropic releasing hormone ( GnRH ), while pituitary gland disorders are due to a deficiency in the release ...
Gonadotropins are glycoprotein hormones secreted by gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary of vertebrates. [1] [2] [3] This family includes the mammalian hormones follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), the placental/chorionic gonadotropins, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), [3] as well as at least two forms of fish ...
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