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The multilevel fast multipole method (MLFMM) is used along with method of moments (MoM) a numerical computational method of solving linear partial differential equations which have been formulated as integral equations of large objects almost faster without loss in accuracy. [1]
Simulation of negative refraction from a metasurface at 15 GHz for different angles of incidence. The simulations are performed through the method of moments. The method of moments (MoM), also known as the moment method and method of weighted residuals, [1] is a numerical method in computational electromagnetics.
General purpose, includes 2D and 3D magnetics solvers, both static and harmonic. 3D solver is based on the Whitney AV formulation of Maxwell's equations. VSimEM: Commercial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Automatic, variable mesh FDTD, PIC, finite volume: Simulating electromagnetics, and electrostatics in complex dielectric and metallic environments.
In solving partial differential equations, the primary challenge is to create an equation which approximates the equation to be studied, but which is numerically stable, meaning that errors in the input data and intermediate calculations do not accumulate and destroy the meaning of the resulting output. There are many ways of doing this, with ...
Radar cross-section (RCS), denoted σ, also called radar signature, is a measure of how detectable an object is by radar. A larger RCS indicates that an object is more easily detected. [1] An object reflects a limited amount of radar energy back to the source. The factors that influence this include: [1] the material with which the target is made;
Range ambiguity resolution is a technique used with medium pulse-repetition frequency (PRF) radar to obtain range information for distances that exceed the distance between transmit pulses. This signal processing technique is required with pulse-Doppler radar. [1] [2] [3]
An object at height h above the ground and slant range R forms an angle α that can be calculated through sin α = h / R.By re-arrangement, R = h / sin α, or R = h csc α. The radar equation states that the signal received from an object, P e, varies inversely with the 4th power of range and directly as the square of the antenna gain, G, such that P e ~ G 2 / R 4.
Fluctuation loss is an effect seen in radar systems as the target object moves or changes its orientation relative to the radar system. It was extensively studied during the 1950s by Peter Swerling, who introduced the Swerling models to allow the effect to be simulated.