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An action spectrum is a graph of the rate of biological effectiveness plotted against wavelength of light. [1] It is related to absorption spectrum in many systems. Mathematically, it describes the inverse quantity of light required to evoke a constant response.
This mismatch between absorption spectra and photochemical action plots has by now been observed in a wide array of photoreactive systems. [41] [42] [43] A prominent example is the photoinduced [2+2] cycloaddition of the stilbene derivative, styrypyrene, which exhibited an 80 nm discrepancy between the action plot and absorption spectrum. [33]
PAR as described with PPF does not distinguish between different wavelengths between 400 and 700 nm, and assumes that wavelengths outside this range have zero photosynthetic action. If the exact spectrum of the light is known, the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) values in μmol⋅s −1 ⋅m −2) can be modified by applying different ...
The photosynthetic action spectrum depends on the type of accessory pigments present. For example, in green plants, the action spectrum resembles the absorption spectrum for chlorophylls and carotenoids with absorption peaks in violet-blue and red light.
Theodor Wilhelm Engelmann (14 November 1843 – 20 May 1909) was a German botanist, physiologist, microbiologist, university professor, and musician whose 1882 experiment measured the effects of different colors of light on photosynthetic activity and showed that the conversion of light energy to chemical energy took place in the chloroplast.
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The natural ("wild-type") ChR2 absorbs blue light with an absorption and action spectrum maximum at 480 nm. [14] When the all-trans-retinal complex absorbs a photon, it induces a conformational change from all-trans to 13-cis-retinal. This change introduces a further one in the transmembrane protein, opening the pore to at least 6 Å.