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Unix (/ ˈ j uː n ɪ k s / ⓘ, YOO-niks; trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multi-user computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, whose development started in 1969 [1] at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others. [4]
Unix workstations of the 1990s, including those made by DEC, HP, SGI, and Sun The Common Desktop Environment (CDE) was widely used on Unix workstations. The Unix wars continued into the 1990s, but turned out to be less of a threat than originally thought: AT&T and Sun went their own ways after System V.4, while OSF/1's schedule slipped behind. [46]
After the release of Version 10, the Unix research team at Bell Labs turned its focus to Plan 9 from Bell Labs, a distinct operating system that was first released to the public in 1993. All versions of BSD from its inception up to 4.3BSD-Reno are based on Research Unix, with versions starting with 4.4 BSD and Net/2 instead
The original Unix file system supported three types of files: ordinary files, directories, and "special files", also termed device files. [1] The Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) and System V each added a file type to be used for interprocess communication: BSD added sockets, [3] while System V added FIFO files.
Although AT&T's Bell Labs created Unix, by the 1980s, Berkeley's Computer Systems Research Group was the leading non-commercial Unix developer. [1] In the mid-1980s, the three common versions of Unix were AT&T's System III , the basis of Microsoft 's Xenix and the IBM-endorsed PC/IX , among others; AT&T's System V , which it sought to establish ...
The Unix philosophy, originated by Ken Thompson, is a set of cultural norms and philosophical approaches to minimalist, modular software development.
A Unix architecture is a computer operating system system architecture that embodies the Unix philosophy. It may adhere to standards such as the Single UNIX Specification (SUS) or similar POSIX IEEE standard. No single published standard describes all Unix architecture computer operating systems — this is in part a legacy of the Unix wars.
A Unix shell is a command-line interpreter or shell that provides a command line user interface for Unix-like operating systems. The shell is both an interactive command language and a scripting language , and is used by the operating system to control the execution of the system using shell scripts .