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In a 1973 Journal of Biblical Literature article, Philip B. Harner, Professor Emeritus of Religion at Heidelberg College, claimed that the traditional translation of John 1:1c ("and the Word was God") is incorrect. He endorses the New English Bible translation of John 1:1c, "and what God was, the Word was."
The gospel's concluding verses set out its purpose, "that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing you may have life in his name." [5] [6] John reached its final form around AD 90–110, [7] although it contains signs of origins dating back to AD 70 and possibly even earlier. [8]
In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads: And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of grace and truth. The New International Version translates the passage as: The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us.
The first supposed witness to Johannine theology among the Fathers of the Church is in Ignatius of Antioch, whose Letter to the Philippians some claim references John 3:8 [13] and alludes to John 10:7-9 [14] and John 14:6, [15] but none of these are direct quotations or contain information exclusive to John.
"That there is one Almighty God, who made all things by His Word," [55] and "That by the Word, through whom God made the creation, He also bestowed salvation on the men." [ 55 ] Therefore, while Cerinthus claimed that the world was made by "a certain Power far separated from" an almighty God, John, according to Irenaeus, by means of John 1:1-5 ...
Michael Licona suggests that John has redacted Jesus' authentic statements as recorded in Matthew, Mark and Luke. Where Matthew and Mark have Jesus quote Psalm 22:1, John records that "in order that the Scripture may be fulfilled, Jesus said, 'I am thirsty'." Jesus' final words as recorded in Luke are simplified in John into "It is finished." [12]
The Young's Literal Translation of the Bible translates it this way. [13] It is also possible it refers to an individual but simply does not use her name. [ 11 ] One theory is that the letter refers to Mary, mother of Jesus ; Jesus had entrusted his "beloved disciple" with Mary's life when Jesus was on the cross ( John 19:26–27).
Third John is the shortest book of the Bible by word count, [4] though 2 John has fewer verses. [5] 3 John has 15 verses in the critical SBL Greek New Testament text, [6] or 14 in the Textus Receptus. [7] It is the only New Testament book which does not contain the names "Jesus" or "Christ".