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  2. Schaffer method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schaffer_method

    The Jane Schaffer method is a formula for essay writing that is taught in some U.S. middle schools and high schools.Developed by a San Diego teacher named Jane Schaffer, who started offering training and a 45-day curriculum in 1995, it is intended to help students who struggle with structuring essays by providing a framework.

  3. Davis–Moore hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davis–Moore_hypothesis

    The hypothesis is an attempted explanation of social stratification, based on the idea of "functional necessity".Davis and Moore argue that the most difficult jobs in any society are the most necessary and require the highest rewards and compensation to sufficiently motivate individuals to fill them.

  4. Motivation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivation

    This way, they provide explanations of why an individual engages in one behavior rather than another, how much effort they invest, and how long they continue to strive toward a given goal. [ 12 ] Important debates in the academic literature concern to what extent motivation is innate or based on genetically determined instincts rather than ...

  5. Topic sentence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topic_sentence

    In expository writing, a topic sentence is a sentence that summarizes the main idea of a paragraph. [1] [2] It is usually the first sentence in a paragraph. Also known as a focus sentence, a topic sentence encapsulates or organizes an entire paragraph. Although topic sentences may appear anywhere in a paragraph, in academic essays they often ...

  6. Grit (personality trait) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grit_(personality_trait)

    This perseverance of effort helps people overcome obstacles or challenges to accomplishment and drives people to achieve. Distinct but commonly associated concepts within the field of psychology include perseverance, hardiness, resilience, ambition, need for achievement, conscientiousness, and tenacity.

  7. Sentence diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_diagram

    A sentence diagram is a pictorial representation of the grammatical structure of a sentence. The term "sentence diagram" is used more when teaching written language, where sentences are diagrammed. The model shows the relations between words and the nature of sentence structure and can be used as a tool to help recognize which potential ...

  8. Dunning–Kruger effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning–Kruger_effect

    This way, it can explain both that unskilled people greatly overestimate their competence and that the reverse effect for highly skilled people is much less pronounced. [ 7 ] [ 9 ] [ 30 ] This can be shown using simulated experiments that have almost the same correlation between objective and self-assessed ability as actual experiments.

  9. Sentence (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_(linguistics)

    A major sentence is a regular sentence; it has a subject and a predicate, e.g. "I have a ball." In this sentence, one can change the persons, e.g. "We have a ball." However, a minor sentence is an irregular type of sentence that does not contain a main clause, e.g. "Mary!", "Precisely so.", "Next Tuesday evening after it gets dark."