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Cefalexin is a useful alternative to penicillins in patients with penicillin intolerance. For example, penicillin is the treatment of choice for respiratory tract infections caused by Streptococcus , but cefalexin may be used as an alternative in penicillin-intolerant patients. [ 4 ]
Wide range of infections; penicillin used for streptococcal infections, syphilis, and Lyme disease: Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea; Allergy with serious anaphylactic reactions; Brain and kidney damage (rare) Same mode of action as other beta-lactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls ...
The main disadvantage however, is that patients can be allergic to penicillin based materials with a severe anaphylactic reaction occurring. Despite this, it is still commonly used due to it being highly cost effective and relatively safe. Alternative antibiotics include Erythromycin, cephalosporin and several others. [11]
Do you have a penicillin allergy? Most people who are allergic to penicillin may not actually have the allergy. Tests can confirm if a person is allergic to penicillin.
In many instances of staphylococcal infections, such as bacteremia, cefazolin is an alternative to penicillin in patients who are allergic to penicillin. [9] However, there is still potential for a reaction to occur with cefazolin and other cephalosporins in patients allergic to penicillin. [8]
[10] [12] The British National Formulary previously issued blanket warnings of 10% cross-reactivity, but, since the September 2008 edition, suggests, in the absence of suitable alternatives, oral cefixime or cefuroxime and injectable cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone can be used with caution, but the use of cefaclor, cefadroxil ...
The antimicrobial spectrum of macrolides is slightly wider than that of penicillin, and, therefore, macrolides are a common substitute for patients with a penicillin allergy. Beta-hemolytic streptococci , pneumococci , staphylococci , and enterococci are usually susceptible to macrolides.
β-Lactam antibiotics are indicated for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms. At first, β-lactam antibiotics were mainly active only against gram-positive bacteria, yet the recent development of broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics active against various gram-negative organisms has increased their usefulness.
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