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B. X-ray, MRI or bone scintigraphy demonstrate TMJ disorder; C. Evidence that pain can be attributed to the TMJ disorder, based on at least one of the following: pain is precipitated by jaw movements or chewing of hard or tough food; reduced range of or irregular jaw opening; noise from one or both TMJs during jaw movements
Trismus is defined as painful restriction in opening the mouth due to a muscle spasm, [5] however it can also refer to limited mouth opening of any cause. [6] Another definition of trismus is simply a limitation of movement. [4]
Tetanus (from Ancient Greek τέτανος ' tension, stretched, rigid '), also known as lockjaw, is a bacterial infection caused by Clostridium tetani and characterized by muscle spasms. In the most common type, the spasms begin in the jaw and then progress to the rest of the body.
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD, also termed "temporomandibular joint pain-dysfunction syndrome") is pain and dysfunction of the TMJ and the muscles of mastication (the muscles that move the jaw). TMD does not fit neatly into any one etiologic category since the pathophysiology is poorly understood and it represents a range of distinct ...
Orofacial pain is the specialty of dentistry that encompasses the diagnosis, management and treatment of pain disorders of the jaw, mouth, face and associated regions. These disorders as they relate to orofacial pain include but are not limited to temporomandibular muscle and joint (TMJ) disorders, jaw movement disorders, neuropathic and ...
Tongue thrusting is a type of orofacial myofunctional disorder, which is defined as habitual resting or thrusting the tongue forward and/or sideways against or between the teeth while swallowing, chewing, resting, or speaking. Abnormal swallowing patterns push the upper teeth forward and away from the upper alveolar processes and cause open bites.
Arguably the main observation to carry out in a patient to assess maxillary excess or deficiency is the upper incisor/gum show when at rest and smiling. In other words, the relationship between the upper lip and upper central incisors when at rest and smiling. [41] Ensure the patient's head posture is correct and the lips are at rest to ...
The movement area of the mandible in the sagittal and horizontal planes is characteristic of the individual but varies in different persons. However, the border movement paths are reproducible in the same individual. It is suggested that the temporomandibular joints (TMJ) limit the border movements of the mandible.